Glossary of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Terms in Country Risk
The table below provides definitions for common Anti-Money Laundering (AML) terms used in the Country Risk reports.
These definitions explain how AML risk is assessed, how countries are ranked, and what the different data quality and risk indicators mean.
AML Risk Assessment Terms
Term | Definition |
AML Country Data Quality (Data Coverage) | Country Data Quality expresses our confidence in the coverage and reliability of the data available to assess a country’s exposure to money laundering and terrorist financing. This is measured by the proportion of AML indicators available for each country. Countries are classified into five categories: Very Good, Good, Medium, Poor, and Very Poor, each paired with a corresponding coverage statement. If a country has less than 30% of indicators available, it is assigned a “Not Available” classification, meaning there is insufficient data to produce a meaningful risk score. Only countries with adequate data coverage are included in the AML risk assessment. |
AML Country Risk Score | The AML (Anti-Money Laundering) Country Risk Score assesses a country’s vulnerability to money laundering and terrorist financing. This score is based on both inherent risk factors, such as corruption and other predicate offences, and the strength of the country’s legal and regulatory controls. The assessment uses a broad set of reputable public data sources, including the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the World Bank, and others. |
Country Ranking | Countries are ranked from 1 to 249 based on their overall AML Risk Score. A rank of 1 indicates the lowest risk, while a rank of 249 indicates the highest risk. This ranking allows you to compare countries globally, with lower ranks representing safer environments and higher ranks representing greater risk. If no score is available for a country, no rank is shown. |
EU High Risk | EU high-risk countries are non-EU jurisdictions identified by the European Commission as having significant weaknesses in their AML and counter-terrorist financing (CFT) regimes. Entities from these countries are subject to enhanced due diligence requirements under EU law. The EU High-Risk Third Countries List is managed by the European Commission to protect the integrity of the EU financial system. |
FATF High Risk | The FATF Black List (High-Risk Jurisdictions Subject to a Call for Action) identifies countries or jurisdictions with serious strategic deficiencies in their frameworks for combating money laundering, terrorist financing, and proliferation financing. These jurisdictions pose significant threats to the international financial system. The FATF calls on all members and other jurisdictions to apply enhanced due diligence, and in severe cases, to implement counter-measures. |
FATF Monitoring | The FATF Grey List (Jurisdictions under Increased Monitoring) includes countries that are under increased monitoring by the FATF due to identified strategic deficiencies in their AML/CFT systems. These countries have committed to addressing these deficiencies within agreed timeframes and are actively working with the FATF to strengthen their frameworks. Inclusion on the Grey List signals that a country requires enhanced oversight and ongoing reform efforts. |
Overall Score | The AML risk score ranges from 0 to 100. Higher values indicate a higher risk of money laundering and terrorist financing. Results are grouped into five risk categories: Very Low Risk, Low Risk, Medium Risk, High Risk, and Very High Risk. If a country does not meet the minimum confidence threshold for data, no score is shown. |